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# 图表作文·第2句 细节描述

> 图表作文第一段第二句：动态图与静态图的细节描述公式、数据表达与例外写法。

## 细节描述（第 2 句）

细节描述需要具体到数据变化或占比，也就是动态或静态。描述之前，使用 To be specific/Specifically 等过渡。

### 动态图

**公式 1：** Sth1. 增长或减少（快速或缓慢地） from 数量 to 数量. Meanwhile （或

However）, Sth2. 增长或减少（快速或缓慢地）from 数量 to 数量 during the same period.

**注**：Sth1.和 Sth2.是图例，下同；during the same period 视篇幅可用可省。

**例 2019 英二：**

![插图](https://mintcdn.com/0907/VYCy4R1xAtfvZxom/images/english/p019-1.jpg?fit=max\&auto=format\&n=VYCy4R1xAtfvZxom\&q=85\&s=65685cd634ea532eb5b6aebf1e682ab7)

The percentage of graduates who choose to enter the workforce decreased remarkably from 68.1% to 60.7%. However, the percentage of graduates who pursue further study climbed significantly from 26.3% to 34.0%. Meanwhile, the percentage of graduates who start a business rose slightly, from 1.3% to 2.6%.

选择工作的毕业生比例从 68.1%显著下降到 60.7%。然而，选择继续深造的毕业生比例从 26.3%显著攀升至 34.0%。与此同时，毕业生创业的比例从 1.3%小幅升至 2.6%。

**注**：三个数据用三种动词和副词（decreased remarkably / climbed significantly /rose slightly）避免句式单调。

**公式 2**：The number/proportion of Sth1. was 数量 in 年份, compared with 数量

in 年份, showing an increase of 增量（记得带单位）.

**例 2019 英二：**

The percentage of graduates who pursued further study was 34.0% in 2018, compared with 26.3% in 2013, showing an increase of 7.7 percentage points.

2018 年选择继续深造的毕业生比例为 34.0%，2013 年为 26.3%，增长了 7.7 个百分点。

**公式 3**:The number/proportion of Sth1. in 年份 was X times that in 年份.

**注 1**:2 倍 twice，3 倍 triple，以上用 four times.

**注 2**：倍数表达三选一 twice that in / twice as high as that in / twice the 年份 figure。

**例 2019 英二：**

The percentage of graduates who start a business in 2018 was twice that in 2013.

或... in 2018 was twice as high as that in 2013.

或... in 2018 was twice the 2013 figure.

2018 年毕业生创业比例是 2013 年的 2 倍。

**注 3**：公式 3 是表达同一变量在不同年份下的倍数关系，稍作改变后可用于对比不同变量在同一年份下的倍数关系：The percentage of graduates who choose to work was about 1.8 times that of graduates who pursue further study in 2018.

2018 年选择工作的毕业生比例约为选择继续深造毕业生比例的 1.8 倍。

以上三个公式可以搞定几乎所有表示变化趋势的动态图。

**例 2023 年英二：**

![插图](https://mintcdn.com/0907/VYCy4R1xAtfvZxom/images/english/p020-1.jpg?fit=max\&auto=format\&n=VYCy4R1xAtfvZxom\&q=85\&s=735ce9a1025ca2ec3605dbfe98ed09d1)

**公式 1**：The health literacy level of Chinese residents increased gradually from

8.8% in 2012 to 11.58% in 2016. In the next five years, it climbed remarkably, from 11.58% to 25.40%.

健康素养水平从 2012 年的 8.8%逐渐增长到 2016 年的 11.58%。在接下来的 5 年中，它显著攀升，从 11.58%升至 25.40%。

**公式 2：** The health literacy level of Chinese residents was 8.8% in 2012, compared with 25.4% in 2021, showing an increase of 16.6 percentage points.

我国居民健康素养水平在 2012 年为 8.8%，而 2021 年为 25.4%，增长了 16.6 个百分点。

**公式 3**：The health literacy level of Chinese residents in 2021 was almost three times that in 2012.

2021 年的我国居民健康素养水平几乎是 2012 年的 3 倍。

**例 2025 年英一：**

![插图](https://mintcdn.com/0907/VYCy4R1xAtfvZxom/images/english/p021-1.jpg?fit=max\&auto=format\&n=VYCy4R1xAtfvZxom\&q=85\&s=8cdb31cbe3deceb3e7e19aaa0caf1420)

**公式 1 ：** The ownership of air conditioners per 100 households increased dramatically from 75.2 units in 2014 to 145.9 units in 2023. Meanwhile, the number of refrigerators increased modestly from 85.5 units to 103.4 units during the same period.

每百户空调拥有量从 2014 年的 75.2 台急剧增长至 2023 年的 145.9 台。与此同时，冰箱的数量从 85.5 台小幅增长到 103.4 台。

**公式 2**：The number of washing machines per 100 households was 98.2 units in 2023, compared with 83.7 units in 2014, showing an increase of 14.5 units.

2023 年每百户洗衣机拥有量为 98.2 台，2014 年为 83.7 台，增长了 14.5 台。

**公式 3**：The ownership of air conditioners in 2023 was nearly twice that in 2014.

2023 年的空调拥有量几乎是 2014 年的 2 倍。

### 静态图

**公式 1：** The percentages/proportions of 主题词 1, 主题词 2, 主题词 3, 主题词 4

account for X%, X%, X% and X% respectively. Notably/ In particular, 占比最多的主题词 tops the list, at X%, followed by 占比次多的主题词 at X%.

**注**：主语是 percentages/proportions，谓语动词用复数 account；直接写 A, B, C and D 并列，谓语动词也用复数 account。排名写两项即可，否则篇幅过大、头重脚轻。

**公式 2**：同动态图的公式 3，表达倍数关系。

静态图倍数=同一年份不同变量的对比。

**例 2024 英二：**

![插图](https://mintcdn.com/0907/VYCy4R1xAtfvZxom/images/english/p022-1.jpg?fit=max\&auto=format\&n=VYCy4R1xAtfvZxom\&q=85\&s=a172a40c277eece2f0a20bd3ac9ee9cb)

The percentages of students who acquired relevant knowledge, improved practical skills, felt comfortable and enhanced cooperation capacity account for 91.3%, 84.8%, 54.4% and 32.6% respectively. Notably, acquiring relevant knowledge tops the list, at 91.3%, followed by improving practical skills at 84.8%.

获得相关知识、提高动手能力、感觉心情舒畅和增强合作能力的学生比例分别为 91.3%、84.8%、54.4%和 32.6%。值得注意的是，获得相关知识居首位，占91.3%；其次是提高动手能力，占 84.8%。

**例 2025 英二：**

![插图](https://mintcdn.com/0907/VYCy4R1xAtfvZxom/images/english/p023-2.jpg?fit=max\&auto=format\&n=VYCy4R1xAtfvZxom\&q=85\&s=6bbdf8e09bd06ef5815d68f0180adf55)

The participation rates in watching TV, walking, gardening, reading, and playing chess among the elderly account for 90.8%, 68.3%, 34.7%, 31.8% and 18.4% respectively.

看电视、散步、养花、阅读和下棋在老年人中的参与率分别为 90.8%、68.3%、 34.7%、31.8%和 18.4%。

**注**：字数过多且与总体描述句相近时，后半句可省略；若总体描述句用了其他公式，后半句写：Notably, watching TV tops the list, at 90.8%, followed by walking at 68.3%.

**例 2026 英二：**

![插图](https://mintcdn.com/0907/VYCy4R1xAtfvZxom/images/english/p023-1.jpg?fit=max\&auto=format\&n=VYCy4R1xAtfvZxom\&q=85\&s=19b7f21c2a4bc0e0aa78a41d36181e4b)

The percentages of respondents who believe that outdoor activities could satisfy children's curiosity, develop observational skills, strengthen physical fitness and enhance parent-child interaction account for 54.6%, 54.5%, 37.2% and 33.2% respectively. Notably, satisfying curiosity tops the list, at 54.6%, followed by developing observational skills at 54.5%.

认为户外活动能满足孩子好奇心、促进观察力、强身健体和增强亲子互动的受访者比例分别为 54.6%、54.5%、37.2%和 33.2%。值得注意的是，满足好奇心居首位，占 54.6%；其次是促进观察力，占 54.5%。

### 例外

有且仅有 2012 年不适用于上述公式，因为该表格毫无趋势可言且成分太多。我们只能选取最具代表性的两个数据进行描述。

![插图](https://mintcdn.com/0907/VYCy4R1xAtfvZxom/images/english/p024-2.jpg?fit=max\&auto=format\&n=VYCy4R1xAtfvZxom\&q=85\&s=e06ad23d5370e6fc54509133a15d14cd)

Half of the employees under 40 and half of those over 50 were uncertain about their satisfaction, while 64% of those aged 41–50 were dissatisfied.

40 岁以下员工中有一半、 50 岁以上员工中有一半不清楚自己是否满意；而 41 至 50 岁员工中，64% 表示不满意。

至此，图表作文最重要的部分——图表描述讲解结束。请大家反复练习套用，从此不再害怕。

组合矩阵训练：动态四方向（增/减/持/波）×快慢两档（迅/缓）= 8 组合，以下图为例连写 8 句，词汇、搭配、句子瞬间内化。例：

![插图](https://mintcdn.com/0907/VYCy4R1xAtfvZxom/images/english/p024-1.jpg?fit=max\&auto=format\&n=VYCy4R1xAtfvZxom\&q=85\&s=1d3e6db12468d82b0ef2da2bba8900cf)

The percentage of residents who participated in volunteer activities increased sharply from 46% in 2016 to 62% in 2018.

参与志愿服务活动的居民比例从 2016 年的 46% 迅速升至 2018 年的 62%。

It increased gradually from 40% in 2014 to 46% in 2016.

该比例从 2014 年的 40% 缓慢升至 2016 年的 46%。

The percentage decreased sharply from 58% in 2020 to 50% in 2021.

该比例从 2020 年的 58% 迅速降至 2021 年的 50%。

It decreased gradually from 62% in 2019 to 58% in 2020.

该比例从 2019 年的 62% 缓慢降至 2020 年的 58%。

The figure remained largely stable at 62% between 2018 and 2019.

该比例在 2018 至 2019 年间基本持平于 62%。

It stayed relatively flat at 50% in 2021 and 2022.

该比例在 2021 和 2022 年保持相对平稳，为 50%。

Overall, the figure fluctuated, climbing to a peak of 62% before falling to 50%.

总体来看，该比例起伏波动，升至 62%的峰值后回落至 50%。

The level fluctuated notably in the latter years, dropping to 50% before recovering to 55%. 该水平在后几年明显波动，降至 50%后回升至 55%。

**注**：本波形自带原因故事（志愿热潮→疫情回落→回暖），第二段原因论述可接“政策推动+公民意识+疫情扰动”。


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